OpenLDAP

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OpenLDAP installieren

Voraussetzung: Das Debian-Paket "slapd" ist auf dem Managed Server vorinstalliert.

#!/bin/sh

BASE_DIR="${HOME}/slapd2"
BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=com"

INITIAL_PASSWORD="myInitialPassword"

BIND_IP_ADDR="127.0.0.1"
BIND_IP_PORT="12345"


############################################################################


# Fail, if base directory already exists

if test -e ${BASE_DIR}; then
    echo "Initialization failed." >&2
    echo "Base directory already exists." >&2
    exit 1
fi


# Create directory

mkdir -p -m 700 ${BASE_DIR}
cd ${BASE_DIR}


# Unpack initital configuration

cat <<EOF |base64 -d |tar -xz
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# Patch configuration files

sed -e"s%BASE_DIR%${BASE_DIR}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif)
sed -e"s%BASE_DN%${BASE_DN}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif)
sed -e"s%INITIAL_PASSWORD%${INITIAL_PASSWORD}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif)


# Fix CRC32 checksums on configuration files

for FILE in $(find -name \*.ldif); do
    CRC32=$(tail -n +3 ${FILE} |crc32 /dev/stdin)
    sed -e"s/^# CRC32 [0-9a-f]*$/# CRC32 ${CRC32}/" -i ${FILE}
done


# Add Root DSE

DC=$(echo ${BASE_DN} |cut -d "," -f1 |cut -d "=" -f2)

cat <<EOF |/usr/sbin/slapadd -F "${BASE_DIR}/etc" -b ${BASE_DN}
dn: ${BASE_DN}
dc: ${DC}
objectClass: domain
objectClass: top
structuralObjectClass: domain
EOF


# Print instructions

cat <<EOF

Instructions
============

Launch slapd (debug level 0 - foreground mode)
$ /usr/sbin/slapd -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -F "${BASE_DIR}/etc" -d 0

LDAPvi on cn=config
$ ldapvi -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -b "cn=config"

LDAPvi on dc=hostsharing,dc=net
$ ldapvi -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -D "cn=admin,${BASE_DN}" -b "${BASE_DN}"

Do not forget to update the intitial passwords for both identities:

    cn=admin,cn=config
    cn=admin,${BASE_DN}

EOF

Basis-Struktur ergänzen

Für viele Anwendungsfälle – wie eine Synchronisation mit Keycloak – wird empfohlen noch zwei Organizational Units zu ergänzen:

Editor starten mit:

ldapvi -h "ldap://127.0.0.1:12345/" -D "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" -b "dc=example,dc=com" 

Oben die folgenden Zeilen ergänzen:

add ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: users

add ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: groups

Nun den Editor schließen und noch mit y bestätigen.

Autostart

Um den neuen LDAP-Dienst dauerhaft laufen zu lassen, können beispielsweise Monit oder Systemd genutzt werden. Hier ein Beispiel für Letzteres:

mkdir -p .config/systemd/user

In das Verzeichnis die Datei slapd.service legen und mit beispielsweise den folgenden Inhalten befüllen:

Description=Slapd2 Server

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=on-abort
WorkingDirectory=/home/pacs/xyz00/users/ldap/

# eg -d 255 for higher loglevel
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap://127.0.0.1:12345/ -F /home/pacs/xyz00/users/ldap/slapd2/etc -d 0
PIDFile=/home/pacs/xyz00/users/ldap/slapd2/run/slapd.pid

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Im Anschluss:

systemctl enable --user slapd
systemctl start --user slapd

Hinweis: unter Umständen muss ein Administator diese Funktionalität erst für Sie freischalten. Ihr User benötigt womöglich außerdem die folgende Umgebungsvariable um die Befehle ausführen zu können:

export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$UID

Pflege der LDAP Daten über die Kommandozeile

Benutzer anlegen

Datei adduser.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen):

dn: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: Max
sn: Mustermann
uid: mmustermann
userPassword: TopSecret1234
mail: mmustermann@example.org

Dann ausführen:

ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W  -f adduser.ldif

Passwort von Benutzer ändern

export PORT=30389
export BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=org"
ldappasswd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -x -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -S "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN"

Nach Benutzern suchen

export PORT=30389
export BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=org"
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT # geht sogar ohne Benutzer
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -W

Was kann der normale Benutzer sehen:

ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN" -W

nach Personen mit bestimmter Klasse suchen:

ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W "objectClass=inetOrgPerson"

Eigenschaften aktualisieren

Datei modify_email.ldif:

 dn: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org
 changetype: modify
 replace: mail
 mail: mmustermann2@example.org

Dann ausführen:

ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f modify_email.ldif

Benutzer löschen

ldapdelete -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN"

Gruppe löschen

Datei delete_group.ldif:

 dn: cn=Test,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
 changetype: delete

Dann ausführen:

ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f delete_group.ldif

Links

• Ein Setup für mehrere OpenLDAP Instanzen auf einem Server

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