OpenLDAP: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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Voraussetzung: Das Debian-Paket "slapd" ist auf dem Managed Server vorinstalliert. | Voraussetzung: Das Debian-Paket "slapd" ist auf dem Managed Server vorinstalliert. | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash" line> | |||
#!/bin/sh | |||
BASE_DIR="${HOME}/slapd2" | |||
BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=com" | |||
INITIAL_PASSWORD="myInitialPassword" | |||
BIND_IP_ADDR="127.0.0.1" | |||
BIND_IP_PORT="12345" | |||
############################################################################ | |||
# Fail, if base directory already exists | |||
if test -e ${BASE_DIR}; then | |||
echo "Initialization failed." >&2 | |||
echo "Base directory already exists." >&2 | |||
exit 1 | |||
fi | |||
# Create directory | |||
mkdir -p -m 700 ${BASE_DIR} | |||
cd ${BASE_DIR} | |||
# Unpack initital configuration | |||
cat <<EOF |base64 -d |tar -xz | |||
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7q9ovp9k36+XG0wbloB8/ZCcblZ+Fp74cJJiYrqk5NNnCMIUgqdxWHtXFlMgvU3T1e0dwiq83mwA | |||
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b/e7/u9KV7rSla50pStd6UpXutKVrnSlK13pSle60pWudKUrXXlJ+R8PJCZ+APAAAA== | |||
EOF | |||
# Patch configuration files | |||
sed -e"s%BASE_DIR%${BASE_DIR}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif) | |||
sed -e"s%BASE_DN%${BASE_DN}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif) | |||
sed -e"s%INITIAL_PASSWORD%${INITIAL_PASSWORD}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif) | |||
# Fix CRC32 checksums on configuration files | |||
for FILE in $(find -name \*.ldif); do | |||
CRC32=$(tail -n +3 ${FILE} |crc32 /dev/stdin) | |||
sed -e"s/^# CRC32 [0-9a-f]*$/# CRC32 ${CRC32}/" -i ${FILE} | |||
done | |||
# Add Root DSE | |||
DC=$(echo ${BASE_DN} |cut -d "," -f1 |cut -d "=" -f2) | |||
cat <<EOF |/usr/sbin/slapadd -F "${BASE_DIR}/etc" -b ${BASE_DN} | |||
dn: ${BASE_DN} | |||
dc: ${DC} | |||
objectClass: domain | |||
objectClass: top | |||
structuralObjectClass: domain | |||
EOF | |||
# Print instructions | |||
cat <<EOF | |||
Instructions | |||
============ | |||
Launch slapd (debug level 0 - foreground mode) | |||
$ /usr/sbin/slapd -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -F "${BASE_DIR}/etc" -d 0 | |||
LDAPvi on cn=config | |||
$ ldapvi -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -b "cn=config" | |||
LDAPvi on dc=hostsharing,dc=net | |||
$ ldapvi -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -D "cn=admin,${BASE_DN}" -b "${BASE_DN}" | |||
Do not forget to update the intitial passwords for both identities: | |||
cn=admin,cn=config | |||
cn=admin,${BASE_DN} | |||
EOF | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
== Basis-Struktur ergänzen == | == Basis-Struktur ergänzen == | ||
| Zeile 258: | Zeile 260: | ||
'''Editor starten mit:''' | '''Editor starten mit:''' | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash>ldapvi -h "ldap://127.0.0.1:12345/" -D "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" -b "dc=example,dc=com" </syntaxhighlight> | |||
'''Oben die folgenden Zeilen ergänzen:''' | '''Oben die folgenden Zeilen ergänzen:''' | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash line> | |||
add ou=users,dc=example,dc=com | |||
objectClass: organizationalUnit | |||
objectClass: top | |||
ou: users | |||
add ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com | |||
objectClass: organizationalUnit | |||
objectClass: top | |||
ou: groups | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Nun den Editor schließen und noch mit <code>y</code> bestätigen. | Nun den Editor schließen und noch mit <code>y</code> bestätigen. | ||
| Zeile 277: | Zeile 280: | ||
Um den neuen LDAP-Dienst dauerhaft laufen zu lassen, können beispielsweise [[Monit installieren|Monit]] oder [[Systemd]] genutzt werden. Hier ein Beispiel für Letzteres: | Um den neuen LDAP-Dienst dauerhaft laufen zu lassen, können beispielsweise [[Monit installieren|Monit]] oder [[Systemd]] genutzt werden. Hier ein Beispiel für Letzteres: | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
mkdir -p .config/systemd/user | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
In das Verzeichnis die Datei <code>slapd.service</code> legen und mit beispielsweise den folgenden Inhalten befüllen: | In das Verzeichnis die Datei <code>slapd.service</code> legen und mit beispielsweise den folgenden Inhalten befüllen: | ||
< | <syntaxhighlight lang=ini line> | ||
Description=Slapd2 Server | Description=Slapd2 Server | ||
| Zeile 295: | Zeile 300: | ||
[Install] | [Install] | ||
WantedBy=default.target | WantedBy=default.target | ||
</ | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
Im Anschluss: | Im Anschluss: | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
systemctl enable --user slapd | |||
systemctl start --user slapd | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
'''Hinweis:''' unter Umständen muss ein Administator diese Funktionalität erst für Sie freischalten. Ihr User benötigt womöglich außerdem die folgende Umgebungsvariable um die Befehle ausführen zu können: | '''Hinweis:''' unter Umständen muss ein Administator diese Funktionalität erst für Sie freischalten. Ihr User benötigt womöglich außerdem die folgende Umgebungsvariable um die Befehle ausführen zu können: | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$UID | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
== Pflege der LDAP Daten über die Kommandozeile == | |||
=== Benutzer anlegen === | |||
Datei adduser.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen): | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash line> | |||
dn: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org | |||
objectClass: inetOrgPerson | |||
cn: Max | |||
sn: Mustermann | |||
uid: mmustermann | |||
userPassword: TopSecret1234 | |||
mail: mmustermann@example.org | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f adduser.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Passwort von Benutzer ändern === | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
export PORT=30389 | |||
export BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=org" | |||
ldappasswd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -x -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -S "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN" | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Nach Benutzern suchen === | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
export PORT=30389 | |||
export BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=org" | |||
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT # geht sogar ohne Benutzer | |||
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W | |||
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -W | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Was kann der normale Benutzer sehen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN" -W | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
nach Personen mit bestimmter Klasse suchen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W "objectClass=inetOrgPerson" | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Eigenschaften aktualisieren === | |||
Datei modify_email.ldif: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=ldap line> | |||
dn: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org | |||
changetype: modify | |||
replace: mail | |||
mail: mmustermann2@example.org | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f modify_email.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Neue Gruppe anlegen === | |||
Einmal vorbereiten, memberof overlay installieren: | |||
Datei add-memberof-overlay.ldif: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash line> | |||
dn: olcOverlay=memberof,olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config | |||
objectClass: olcMemberOf | |||
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig | |||
objectClass: olcConfig | |||
objectClass: top | |||
olcOverlay: memberof | |||
olcMemberOfRefInt: TRUE | |||
olcMemberOfDangling: ignore | |||
olcMemberOfGroupOC: groupOfNames | |||
olcMemberOfMemberAD: member | |||
olcMemberOfMemberOfAD: memberOf | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -W -f add-memberof-overlay.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Datei addgroup.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen): | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash line> | |||
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org | |||
cn: admins | |||
objectclass: groupOfNames | |||
member: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f addgroup.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Benutzer zu einer Gruppe hinzufügen === | |||
Datei addmember.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen): | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash line> | |||
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org | |||
changetype: modify | |||
add: member | |||
member: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f addmember.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Liste alle Benutzer einer Gruppe === | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
export FILTER="(&(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)(memberof=CN=admins,OU=groups,DC=example,DC=org))" | |||
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W $FILTER | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Benutzer aus einer Gruppe entfernen === | |||
Datei dropmember.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen): | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=ldap> | |||
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org | |||
changetype: modify | |||
delete: member | |||
member: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f dropmember.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Benutzer löschen === | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapdelete -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN" | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Gruppe löschen === | |||
Datei delete_group.ldif: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=ldap> | |||
dn: cn=Test,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org | |||
changetype: delete | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Dann ausführen: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f delete_group.ldif | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 14. Juni 2024, 14:02 Uhr
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Voraussetzung: Das Debian-Paket "slapd" ist auf dem Managed Server vorinstalliert.
#!/bin/sh
BASE_DIR="${HOME}/slapd2"
BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=com"
INITIAL_PASSWORD="myInitialPassword"
BIND_IP_ADDR="127.0.0.1"
BIND_IP_PORT="12345"
############################################################################
# Fail, if base directory already exists
if test -e ${BASE_DIR}; then
echo "Initialization failed." >&2
echo "Base directory already exists." >&2
exit 1
fi
# Create directory
mkdir -p -m 700 ${BASE_DIR}
cd ${BASE_DIR}
# Unpack initital configuration
cat <<EOF |base64 -d |tar -xz
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EOF
# Patch configuration files
sed -e"s%BASE_DIR%${BASE_DIR}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif)
sed -e"s%BASE_DN%${BASE_DN}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif)
sed -e"s%INITIAL_PASSWORD%${INITIAL_PASSWORD}%" -i $(find -name \*.ldif)
# Fix CRC32 checksums on configuration files
for FILE in $(find -name \*.ldif); do
CRC32=$(tail -n +3 ${FILE} |crc32 /dev/stdin)
sed -e"s/^# CRC32 [0-9a-f]*$/# CRC32 ${CRC32}/" -i ${FILE}
done
# Add Root DSE
DC=$(echo ${BASE_DN} |cut -d "," -f1 |cut -d "=" -f2)
cat <<EOF |/usr/sbin/slapadd -F "${BASE_DIR}/etc" -b ${BASE_DN}
dn: ${BASE_DN}
dc: ${DC}
objectClass: domain
objectClass: top
structuralObjectClass: domain
EOF
# Print instructions
cat <<EOF
Instructions
============
Launch slapd (debug level 0 - foreground mode)
$ /usr/sbin/slapd -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -F "${BASE_DIR}/etc" -d 0
LDAPvi on cn=config
$ ldapvi -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -b "cn=config"
LDAPvi on dc=hostsharing,dc=net
$ ldapvi -h "ldap://${BIND_IP_ADDR}:${BIND_IP_PORT}/" -D "cn=admin,${BASE_DN}" -b "${BASE_DN}"
Do not forget to update the intitial passwords for both identities:
cn=admin,cn=config
cn=admin,${BASE_DN}
EOF
Basis-Struktur ergänzen
Für viele Anwendungsfälle – wie eine Synchronisation mit Keycloak – wird empfohlen noch zwei Organizational Units zu ergänzen:
Editor starten mit:
ldapvi -h "ldap://127.0.0.1:12345/" -D "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" -b "dc=example,dc=com"
Oben die folgenden Zeilen ergänzen:
add ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: users
add ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: groups
Nun den Editor schließen und noch mit y bestätigen.
Autostart
Um den neuen LDAP-Dienst dauerhaft laufen zu lassen, können beispielsweise Monit oder Systemd genutzt werden. Hier ein Beispiel für Letzteres:
mkdir -p .config/systemd/user
In das Verzeichnis die Datei slapd.service legen und mit beispielsweise den folgenden Inhalten befüllen:
Description=Slapd2 Server
[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=on-abort
WorkingDirectory=/home/pacs/xyz00/users/ldap/
# eg -d 255 for higher loglevel
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap://127.0.0.1:12345/ -F /home/pacs/xyz00/users/ldap/slapd2/etc -d 0
PIDFile=/home/pacs/xyz00/users/ldap/slapd2/run/slapd.pid
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
Im Anschluss:
systemctl enable --user slapd
systemctl start --user slapd
Hinweis: unter Umständen muss ein Administator diese Funktionalität erst für Sie freischalten. Ihr User benötigt womöglich außerdem die folgende Umgebungsvariable um die Befehle ausführen zu können:
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$UID
Pflege der LDAP Daten über die Kommandozeile
Benutzer anlegen
Datei adduser.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen):
dn: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: Max
sn: Mustermann
uid: mmustermann
userPassword: TopSecret1234
mail: mmustermann@example.org
Dann ausführen:
ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f adduser.ldif
Passwort von Benutzer ändern
export PORT=30389
export BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=org"
ldappasswd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -x -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -S "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN"
Nach Benutzern suchen
export PORT=30389
export BASE_DN="dc=example,dc=org"
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT # geht sogar ohne Benutzer
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -W
Was kann der normale Benutzer sehen:
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN" -W
nach Personen mit bestimmter Klasse suchen:
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W "objectClass=inetOrgPerson"
Eigenschaften aktualisieren
Datei modify_email.ldif:
dn: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org
changetype: modify
replace: mail
mail: mmustermann2@example.orgDann ausführen:
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f modify_email.ldif
Neue Gruppe anlegen
Einmal vorbereiten, memberof overlay installieren:
Datei add-memberof-overlay.ldif:
dn: olcOverlay=memberof,olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcMemberOf
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: olcConfig
objectClass: top
olcOverlay: memberof
olcMemberOfRefInt: TRUE
olcMemberOfDangling: ignore
olcMemberOfGroupOC: groupOfNames
olcMemberOfMemberAD: member
olcMemberOfMemberOfAD: memberOf
Dann ausführen:
ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,cn=config" -W -f add-memberof-overlay.ldif
Datei addgroup.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen):
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
cn: admins
objectclass: groupOfNames
member: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org
Dann ausführen:
ldapadd -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f addgroup.ldif
Benutzer zu einer Gruppe hinzufügen
Datei addmember.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen):
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
changetype: modify
add: member
member: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=org
Dann ausführen:
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f addmember.ldif
Liste alle Benutzer einer Gruppe
export FILTER="(&(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)(memberof=CN=admins,OU=groups,DC=example,DC=org))"
ldapsearch -x -b "$BASE_DN" -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W $FILTER
Benutzer aus einer Gruppe entfernen
Datei dropmember.ldif (entsprechende Werte ersetzen):
dn: cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
changetype: modify
delete: member
member: uid=mmustermann,ou=users,dc=example,dc=orgDann ausführen:
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f dropmember.ldif
Benutzer löschen
ldapdelete -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W "uid=mmustermann,ou=users,$BASE_DN"
Gruppe löschen
Datei delete_group.ldif:
dn: cn=Test,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
changetype: deleteDann ausführen:
ldapmodify -H ldap://127.0.0.1:$PORT -D "cn=admin,$BASE_DN" -W -f delete_group.ldif